2014福建中考：英語(yǔ)中考知識(shí)總結(jié)（四）
福建中考網(wǎng)（http://www.tzshuifang.com/）復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)中考英語(yǔ)欄目為考生整編的中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)：短語(yǔ)、詞組和重點(diǎn)句型歸納總結(jié)
中考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤分類詳解 在學(xué)習(xí)初中英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中, 同學(xué)們常會(huì)犯這樣那樣的錯(cuò)誤, 大多數(shù)同學(xué)認(rèn)為這些錯(cuò)誤紛繁復(fù)雜, 無(wú)章可循, 其實(shí)并非如此。為便于系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí), 現(xiàn)將中考高頻考點(diǎn)，或者說(shuō)把同學(xué)們常犯的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行分類詳解, 希望對(duì)大家能有所警示與啟迪。 I. “蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤例析 “蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤就是“畫蛇添足”，在句中出現(xiàn)一些原本沒有或本應(yīng)省略的成分。 例1. Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (×) Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (√) Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money. (√) 例2. Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×) Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work. (√) He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (√) [析] 用though, but表示“雖然……，但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因?yàn)?hellip;…，所以……”時(shí)，though和but 及because和so 都只能擇一而用，不能兩者同時(shí)使用。 例3. More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.(×) More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003. (√) [析] hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞修飾用來(lái)表示“確數(shù)”時(shí)，無(wú)論數(shù)詞大小，hundred等詞都要用單數(shù)形式。 例4. My English teacher is a 38-years old man. (×) My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. (√) [析] 句中的38-years-old是由數(shù)詞、名詞和形容詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞man。復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式, 且各詞之間要有連字符“-”。 例5. The Smiths have moved Beijing. (×) The Smiths have moved to Beijing. (√) [析] 不及物動(dòng)詞后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞之后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~;但不及物動(dòng)詞后接home, here, there等副詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞之后不必加任何介詞。 例6. The box is too heavy for him to carry it. (×) The box is too heavy for him to carry. (√) [析] the box既是這句話的主語(yǔ), 也是不定式to carry的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，若句末再加上it，就和the box重復(fù)了。 II. “主謂不一致”類錯(cuò)誤例析 主謂不一致類錯(cuò)誤指的是句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上不一致而形成的錯(cuò)誤。 例1. Each of the boys have a pen. (×) Each of the boys has a pen. (√) [析] 復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有表個(gè)體的each of, one of, every，either of等詞組修飾，或有表否定的neither of, none of 等詞組修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 例2. 那是你心軟!我不就是一個(gè)例子嗎? Neither he nor you is good at English. (×) Neither he nor you are good at English. (√) [析] either... or..., neither... nor..., not only..., but also... 等詞組連接句子的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致原則”, 即由靠近謂語(yǔ)的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)決定謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)用何種形式。 例3. Two months are quite a long time. (×) Two months is quite a long time. (√) [析] 當(dāng)時(shí)間、度量、距離、重量等名詞作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將其看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 例4. Ten minus three are seven. (×) Ten minus three is seven. (√) [析] 用英語(yǔ)表示加(plus)、減(minus)等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。 例5. Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. (×) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (√) [析] 不定式、v-ing形式充當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 例6. The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. (×) The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (√) [析] the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“許多”，相當(dāng)于some或a lot of，和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 III. “詞序”、“語(yǔ)序”類錯(cuò)誤例析 詞序、語(yǔ)序類錯(cuò)誤指的是單詞或句子在排列順序上不正確，也表現(xiàn)為該用陳述語(yǔ)序的用了疑問句語(yǔ)序，或該用疑問句語(yǔ)序的用了陳述句語(yǔ)序等情況。 例1. Hello! I have important something to tell you. (×) Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√) [析] 形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，修飾成分要置于不定代詞之后。 例2. His son is enough old to go to school. (×) His son is old enough to go to school. (√) [析] enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，可以放在名詞前，也可放在名詞后;作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，只能放在形容詞或副詞之后。 例3. Here is your sweater, put away it.(×) Here is your sweater, put it away. (√) [析] put away, pick up, put on等“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組后接代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。 例4. I don’t know where is he going.(×) I don’t know where he is going. (√) [析] 在含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 例5. Look! Here the bus comes.(×) Look! Here comes the bus.(√) [析] 在以here, there引起的陳述句中，若句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞，要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即用“Here /There+動(dòng)詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu);但主語(yǔ)若是代詞時(shí)，則不用倒裝語(yǔ)序, 即用“Here/There +代詞+動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 例6. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。) A. so my sister does(×) B. so does my sister(√) 例7. --- Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (確實(shí)這樣.) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√) [析] “so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示前面所述情況也適用于后者，意為“……也是這樣”;“so+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞”的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)前述情況的肯定，意為“……確實(shí)如此”。
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