2014福建中考:英語(yǔ)中考知識(shí)總結(jié)(五)
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IV. “邏輯”類錯(cuò)誤例析 邏輯類錯(cuò)誤是指用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)某一思想時(shí),犯了邏輯推理錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致句子語(yǔ)法成分不全,句意表達(dá)上前后矛盾等方面的失誤。 例1. 重慶比中國(guó)的其他城市都大。 Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×) Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√) [析] “any city in China”包括了重慶這座城市, 同一事物自己與自己不能做比較,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重慶和中國(guó)的其它城市比較大小。 例2. 廣州的天氣比北京的天氣更暖和。 The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×) The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√) [析] 表示比較時(shí),句子中的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象必須一致,不同的比較對(duì)象不能做比較。錯(cuò)誤句的比較對(duì)象分別為the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,這兩個(gè)不同類的事物之間不能做比較。 V. “受漢語(yǔ)思維方式影響”類錯(cuò)誤例析 受漢語(yǔ)影響類錯(cuò)誤是指用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)某個(gè)意思時(shí),受了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的影響而導(dǎo)致犯錯(cuò)。 例1. Mr Wu teaches our English. (×) Mr Wu teaches us English. (√) [析] “teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的雙賓語(yǔ),因此teach后的人稱代詞要用賓格,而不能受漢語(yǔ)影響使用形容詞性物主代詞。 例2. His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×) His sister married a teacher last summer. (√) [析] 表達(dá)“A和B結(jié)婚”,要用A married/will marry B。這時(shí)務(wù)必要避免受漢語(yǔ)影響使用A married/will marry with B。 例3. There is going to have a film tonight. (×) There is going to be a film tonight. (√) [析] 一般將來(lái)時(shí)用在 There be 句式中時(shí),be going to或will之后的動(dòng)詞原形只能用be,也就是說(shuō)要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。 例4. I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×) I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√) [析] 習(xí)慣上在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 例5. Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×) Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√) [析] 習(xí)慣上在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。但如果從句表述的是一客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí),則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響,而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例6. All the balls are not round. 翻譯成漢語(yǔ): 所有的球都不是圓的。(×) 并不是所有的球都是圓的。(√) [析] all, every, both等詞和not連用時(shí),not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情況下表示部分否定,意為“并非……都……”。 例7. Do you know the way of the park? (×) Do you know the way to the park? (√) [析] 習(xí)慣上表示無(wú)生命名詞的所有格常用“...of...”; 但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”, 而不能用“the way of...”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有 the key to the lock (這把鎖的鑰匙), the answer to this question(這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案), the ticket to the concert (音樂會(huì)的票)等。 例8. --- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? --- _______, though he didn’t feel very well. A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√) 例9. --- Don’t you usually come to school by bike? --- _______. But I sometimes walk. A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√) [析] 習(xí)慣上英語(yǔ)中的yes意為“是的”,no意為“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑問(wèn)句或否定疑問(wèn)句中,yes意為“不”,no意為“是的” 點(diǎn)擊查看:更多關(guān)于復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)中考英語(yǔ)欄目信息
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